<p>How far back do you think I can go in regard to what year will they begin repeating essay topics? 2004? 2005? or what? But, I take it that I am guaranteed to NOT have an essay about Vietnam war, Immigration in the 1920s, black influence, etc (these were 2008 FRQ)</p>
<p>I really have no idea how I am going to do the DBQ and FRQ writing section tomorrow. I think writing for History is hard enough even without time restraints and with several references. I’m sure I’ll do fine on the MC section, but its only worth 50%.</p>
<p>i think it’ll be on US 1 topics, towards the end like the antebellum period and civil war. just my hunch.</p>
<p>basically utopian societies began when the Puritans came over to AMerica. They wanted to become a “city upon a hill”, or a city that was perfect and would serve as an example to all the other cities. They believed in the perfectability of man</p>
<p>civil war
1861-1865***</p>
<p>contraband of war- lincoln’s policy of treating runaway slaves as enemy war terriotry, he acceped teh slaves as a way to hurt the southern cause
theory of perpetual union- contention that the union preexisted the constitution because it began with teh articles in 1774-sine teh states had signed onto this document, the union could not be broken</p>
<p>first inaugural address
attempted to convince the south that secession was illegal and impossible with his theory of perpetual union</p>
<p>secession
confederates attacked fort sumter</p>
<p>economics
north out produced the south</p>
<p>government
north had a centralized government, non cotton producing regions were opposed to confederate rule
lincoln kept border states loayl to the union
war democrats, peace democrats, and copperheads</p>
<p>military
south had more talented generals
south defended their own land, revolutionary cause
north trie dto capture richmond</p>
<p>armies
both drafted men, allowed richer men to pay others to substitute for them
“rich man’s war” and a “poor man’s battle”
1863 irish laboreres’ anti draft riot in new york turned into an attack on blacks</p>
<p>emancipation proclamation freed slaves in the states still in rebellion
black troops could fight, england and france could no longer give the confederates open support</p>
<p>lincoln defended the union cause with god’s will or fate
began with a wish taht all men everywhere could be free</p>
<p>suspended right of habeaus corpus of copperheads, called up troops, refused to allow emancipation of slaves in missouri, also engineered passage of 13th amendment, kept army and navy intact, south lost a war of attrition</p>
<p>can somebody explain the “peculiar institution” ??</p>
<p>^ It’s just another name for slavery.</p>
<p>oh okay thanks jazrie</p>
<p>Why did the puritans migrate to Massachussetts bay Colony? I thought it was just because of religious reasons, but I just took a practice test or questionable origins and it gave multiple reasons (economic, political and religious) to why they left.</p>
<p>They did it to escape religious persecution, and they wanted to build a “city on top of a hill”</p>
<p>What are the important parts of Jacksonian, Antebellum periods?</p>
<p>Antebellum America - </p>
<p>Second Great Awakening - Finney; Brimstone speeches, “burnt-over districts”, add moral side to slavery (can connect this to Garrison and Douglas)
Education - McGuffey Eclectic Readers, Horace Man + public schools, Websters blue-backed spellers + dictionary. Hudson River School (bring back to point about blacks)
Reform - Prisons, Mental Hospitals(D. Dix)
Women - Cult of domesticity/republican motherhood. Lowell Mills. Seneca Falls
Black rights - (can connect from SGA; Garrison Douglas, Back to Africa Movement I think, American colonization society, Grimke.
Transcendentalism –> Thoreau (influce MLK bring back to the point about black rights) Emerson
Utopian societies - Oneida, New Harmony, Brook Farm, Mormons</p>
<p>Election of 1828 -
White man suffrage
Direct Election of pres.
campaigning- kissing babies; giving out buttons, Jackson + JQ. Adams talk ***** about each other
Spoils system/rotation of office.</p>
<p>Jackson-
- Indian removal act; Worcester v. Georgia; “John Marshall has made his decision. He can now go and enforce it” , Trail of Tears
- Tariff of Abominations/South Carolina Nullification/ Force Bill –> Compromise Tariff
- Veto’d Bank –> creation of pet banks.
- Specie Circular - all land must be brought with gold/silver –> economy plunges.</p>
<p>reconstruction**** 1865-1896</p>
<p>black codes- restrict rights of blacks after civil war
carpetbaggers- northerners who went to the south to promote reform to gain profit
grandfather clauses- allowed whites who could not pass literacy tets to vote, have the right to vote to people whose grandfatehrs had been eligible to vote
jim crow= separation between races
literacy tests- to prevent blacks from voting
poll tax- also to prevent blacks from voting
scalaways- white southerners who cooperated with reconstruction governments
tenant farming- farm workers supply their own tools, rent land, have more control over their work
veto- power of the president to reject legislation</p>
<p>introduction
thaddeus stevens was a radical republican, wanted sweeping changes in the south</p>
<p>lincoln’s 10 percent plan
wanted to bring union back together quickly and easily, his opnion that the southern states never actually seceded
“malice toward none, charity toward all” plan was designed to let states re enter teh union if 10 peercent of the state’s voters swore allegiance, intended to pardon highest ranking confederate officers
radical republicans passed the wade davis bill, which was vetoed by lincoln, would have make reconstruction the responsibiilty of congress</p>
<p>johnson took presidency after lincoln’s assassination
plan allowed states to enter the union if they ratified the 13th amendment, which prohibited slavaery and pledge allegiance to the union
johnson did little to help the freed men and women</p>
<p>failures of reconstruction
events in the south led republicans to have doubts about johnson’s reconstruction
souther legislatures passed black codes to define legal status for blacks
restricted blacks from carrying weapons, starting their own business, owning land, marrying whites, restored many aspects of slavery
kkk formed 1866 </p>
<p>radical reconstruction
eventually led to congressional control over reconstruction, “south may have lost the war, but it won the peace”</p>
<p>radicals refused to seat recently elected southern legislatures
enlarged freedmen’s buraeu, pass a civil rights act guaranteeing blacks citizenship
johnson saw these as a threat to his power
radicals drafted 14th amendment which made all persons born in the us citizens
equal protection</p>
<p>johnson urged states to reject 14th amendment on the grounds that it was too harsh on ex confederates</p>
<p>reconstruction act of 1867 over johnson’s veto, divided remaining confederate states into five military districts, to be eligible for readmission to the union, southern states had to call enw constitutional conventions, ratify the 14th amendment, guarantee african americans the right to vote</p>
<p>congressional republicans passed the tenure of office act to protect its allies in johnson’s cabinet
johnson suspended stanton, radicals voted to impeach johnson
johnson remained in office, very weak</p>
<p>grant won 1868 presidency with half a million black votes
radicals drafted 15th amendment guaranteed blacks the right to vote</p>
<p>radical reconstruction
sweeping changes, families reunited, physically rebuild the south, built roads, railroads, schools, other institutions</p>
<p>carpetbaggers and scalawags</p>
<p>blacks were elected to local office, state legislatures</p>
<p>economic change was slow, government never implemented “40 acres and a mule”
most blacks settled into the sharecropping system, few became landowners</p>
<p>end of reconstruction
gradually ended, southern democrats redemption
democrats agreed to let hayes occupy the white house in return with a agreemtn to remove federal troops from the south
compromise of 1877 ended reconstruction</p>
<p>post reconstruction south
redeemer governments instituted a series of sweeping changes</p>
<p>denying blacks the vote
poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses</p>
<p>legal segregation with jim crow, plessy v feguson</p>
<p>volience, kkk</p>
<p>reconstruction is generally considered a tragic failure, but it provided blacks with gains such as public education and a degree of political participation, inspiration for civil rights movement</p>
<p>Next question:
What were the major political views of the Whig party, who were notable leaders of the party, and how did the party die out?</p>
<p>The Whig Party was a political party of the United States during the era of Jacksonian democracy. Considered integral to the Second Party System and operating from 1833 to 1856, the party was formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party. In particular, the Whigs supported the supremacy of Congress over the executive branch and favored a program of modernization and economic protectionism. This name was chosen to echo the American Whigs of 1776, who fought for independence, and because “Whig” was then a widely recognized label of choice for people who saw themselves as opposing autocratic rule. The Whig Party counted among its members such national political luminaries as Daniel Webster, William Henry Harrison, and their preeminent leader, Henry Clay of Kentucky. In addition to Harrison, the Whig Party also counted four war heroes among its ranks, including Generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott. Abraham Lincoln was a Whig leader in frontier Illinois.</p>
<p>In its over two decades of existence, the Whig Party saw two of its candidates, Harrison and Taylor, elected president. Both, however, died in office. John Tyler became president after Harrison’s death, but was expelled from the party. Millard Fillmore, who became president after Taylor’s death, was the last Whig to hold the nation’s highest office.</p>
<p>The party was ultimately destroyed by the question of whether to allow the expansion of slavery to the territories. With deep fissures in the party on this question, the anti-slavery faction successfully prevented the nomination of its own incumbent President Fillmore in the 1852 presidential election; instead, the party nominated General Winfield Scott, who was soundly defeated. Its leaders quit politics (as Lincoln did temporarily) or changed parties. The voter base defected to the Republican Party, various coalition parties in some states, and to the Democratic Party. By the 1856 presidential election, the party had lost its ability to maintain a national coalition of effective state parties and endorsed Millard Fillmore, now of the American Party, at its last national convention</p>
<p>Whig party > Republican party and Free soil party</p>
<p>Republican party wanted no slavery in new territories. Free soil party wanted no slavery in the usa.</p>
<p>That about sums up what party break up happened in the 1850’s. I think 1852 election established the Republican party the major opponent against the Democratic Party.</p>
<p>The democratic party was supported by the Southern white because they felt the Democrats wanted to preserve the southern way of life(basically slavery).</p>
<p>closing of the frontier 1876-1900****</p>
<p>barbed wire- enabled farmers to enclose land, prevent cattle drives
cowboys- cattle handlers who drove large herds across the southern great plains
homesteaders- settlers who were granted plots in teh west
transcontinental railway- connecting atlantic and pacific ocean</p>
<p>americans moved west of mississippi
drawn by economic opportunity, mining, blacks left harsh conditions in the south, expansion of railroad lines</p>
<p>homestead act 1862- offered 160 acres of land at no cost to homesteaders who paid a 10 dollar filing fee and agreed to live on it for five yeras, much ended up in the hands of speculators</p>
<p>morrill land grant 1862
transferred 140 million acres of federal land to teh states, agricultural colleges set up, or sell land</p>
<p>exodusters
blacks moving to teh west</p>
<p>completion of transcontinental railroad
facilitated western settlement, destruction of buffalo, detrimental effect on indians</p>
<p>mining frontier
strikes at pikes peak and comstock lode, prospectors west, boomtowns, some minig centers prospered, increase in supply of precious metals led to political crisis over the value of currency</p>
<p>cattle frontier
cattle ranching became widespread after buffalo herds were decimated
cowboys would ride horses and graze large herds of cattle on the frontier
era of the cowboy lasted only 20 years, barbed wire stopped cowboys</p>
<p>farming frontier
homesteaders faced difficult conditions on great plains, extreme temperatures, lack of water, fluctuating prices, infestation of pests
hard soil, deep plowing, great plains became breakbasket</p>
<p>removal of indians
great plains labeled great american desert, home to indians, natives lost land</p>
<p>indian nations
plains indians were nomadic people who depended on horses brought to the new world by the spanish</p>
<p>reservation policy
great plains designated as one enormous reservation, as more settlers moved westard, government assigned different indian nations specific areas with definite boundaries, difficult to enforce</p>
<p>warfare on great plains
one by one, native american nations succumbed to the superior firepower of the us government, sand creek massacrew, defeat of sioux, custer’s last stand, us defeated sioux, a fw remaining sioux after inspiration by the ghost dance, movement was put down with killing of 200 sioux at wounded knee in 1890</p>
<p>defeat of nez perce indians</p>
<p>politics of reform
helen hunt jackson’s a century of dishonor drew attention the plight of native americans
many though tthe solution was assimilation, whis led to dawes act, which was designed to break up tribal units, giving individual families a small plot of land and making them us citizens after 25 years, failure</p>
<p>closing of the frontier
notion troubled the turner thesis, unsettled frontier shaped the character of americans, safety valve
fear of closed frontier led to pressure for preserving wild areas in teh west, leading to organization of national parks</p>
<p>industry, big business, labor unions 1865-1900</p>
<p>anthracite coal- hard and clean burning
blacklist-troublemakers
craft unionism- movement to form labor unions with skilled workers
horizontal integration- joining together of companies to create a monopoly
industrial unionism- movement to form labor organizations which represent every worker
injunction- used against unions to end a strike
mass production- interchangeable parts and assembly lines, process perfected by henry ford
robber barron- big business owner
scab- workers who cross picket lines
socialism
trusts- monopoly
unions
vertical integration- controlling all aspects of production
yellow dog contract- agreements to not join unions</p>
<p>intro
us went to world’s leading industrial power by 1920s, second industrial revolution, new technologies to incerase productivity
abundance of resources, available labor source, new inventions, rapidly expanding markets, </p>
<p>new technologies
mass production, flood of goods
anthracist coal was importnat fuel
oil refining for lamps
steel with bessemer process, made it more flexible than iron</p>
<p>railroads
most important
first transcontinental railroad, using chinese and irish immigrant workers was completed, from california to utah
createion of railroad time for time zones
credit mobilier scanda, stockholders in teh union pacific railroad set up a construction company to lay attack at inflated costs, gain profit for themselves</p>
<p>railroads kept power by fixing prices, charging exorbitant fees, railroad practices were a focus of protests</p>
<p>bis business</p>
<p>companies combined with horizontal and vertical organization and trusts</p>
<p>robber barrons included jay gould
andrew carnegie more favorable, rags to riches story, steel mills, lowered production costs, gained control of all aspects of steel production, philanthropy
rockefeller standard oil</p>
<p>attempts at reform
sherman antitrust act of 1890-difficult to enforece, unseccessful</p>
<p>workers saw lives growing more difficult and less rewarding, threatened by industrial giants, corporations cut wages</p>
<p>long working hours, dangerous jobs, low pay
child labor was common</p>
<p>unions
industrial unionists organized workers in a specific industry, knights of labor- arbitration rather than striking, union open to men and women of all races, grew under powderly
american railway union founded by eugene debs
american federation of laor by gompers was a coalition of craft unions, organized skill workers in a particular field
after the pullman strike, debs turned to socialism, IWW wobblies were socialist and radical</p>
<p>strikes
great railroad strike-protest wage cut, hayes called in military troops 1877, closest to general strike(a cessation of work by the majority of workers in every industry)
haymarket riot- 1886 8 hour workday, peaceful until someone threw a bomb, police fired into the crowd
homestead strike- against carnegie steel, broken up by pinkerton guards, 10 dead, defeat for carnegie’s workers
pullman strike- announced a wage cut, debs organized a nationwide sympathy strike of workers who handled pullman cars, federal government issued an injunction</p>
<p>government supporst management with injunctions
sherman antitrust act was used more against labor unions</p>
<p>south agriculture, most europeans immigrated north</p>
<p>second industrial revolution changed the american economy, international economy was created</p>
<p>Quick question guys. If I’m scoring around 56-61 on the m.c. then what would I have to write for the essays in order to get a 5?</p>
<p>gilded age 1865-1900
new immigration- eastern and southern europeans
political machines- run cities
realist movement
settlement house movement- women provided housing for the poor
social gospel- relieve the suffering of the poor
telegraph- communications over long distances
temperance movement- limit or outlaw alcoholic beverages
yellow journalism- sensationalistic, lurid, fasified accounts of events</p>
<p>urban problems</p>
<p>tammany hall
political corruption in citiets, political machines were well run party organizations that got their peopel elected
boss tweed corrupt, series of cartoons by thomas nast depict him </p>
<p>immigration
new immigration of southern and eastern europeans, asians, statue of liberty was a gift from france, ellis island opened
growth of the physical city
outward and upward</p>
<p>brooklyn bridge
skyscrapers
walking city, subway
macy’s, department stores
central park for leisure activities</p>
<p>urban poverty
urban movements arose, social gospel movement
tenement laws of new york, mandated that every room in an apartment have an outside window and that buildings meet plumbing and ventilation standards
dumbbell tenement grew out of this</p>
<p>hull house in chicago</p>
<p>lack of sweage treatment, fire, trash in the streets, crime
political machines were overwhelmed</p>
<p>explosion of inventions</p>
<p>thomas edison electricity</p>
<p>telegraph, telephone, typewriter, lynotype machine</p>
<p>temperance movement, women’s christian temperance union</p>
<p>comstock law made it illegal to send material deemed obscene through the mail</p>
<p>more leisure time, YMCA founded, chicago’s world fair</p>
<p>literacy rates rose, realism, henry james, bellamy, crane, mark twain, wharton</p>
<p>ashcan school of painting depicted urban poverty</p>
<p>dime novels with themes of adventure, crime, the west, hearst yellow journalism</p>
<p>social darwinism, sumner laissez faire
gospel of wealth
horatio alger myth from rags to riches</p>
<p>apHELP - I’m assuming that you’re using a test prep book? You should be able to figure out your raw score from the multiple choice… On a side note if you aren’t using a test prep, are you figuring your score correctly? -.25 for every question wrong (let’s say you got 60 initially, and another -8 that’s a minus 2 points for a point score of 58) then multiply that score by 1.125.</p>
<p>I got a 61.28… on the mc and if the essays all received a 5 one would be .70 point away from a five… So, that should give you an idea :)</p>