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<p>This is in the first test of the blue book.
Prompt: Is it important to question the ideas and decisions of people in positions of authority?</p>
<p>Challenging the ideas and decisions of people in positions of authority is vital in the development of new ideas towards social progress. Several examples from history clearly demonstrate that making inquiry of the ideas and actions of those of authority is a basis for advancing society.</p>
<p>Through the actions of journalist Bethany McLean, the Enron Scandal began to unfold as a complete fraud. McLeans 2001 Fortune article, Is Enron Overpriced?, began to raise more suspicion over the companys means of income as McLean explained that Enron was trading 55 times its earnings and once viewing the companys most recent 10-K report, she noticed strange transactions, erratic cash flow, and huge debt. Before publishing her findings, she discussed the matter with Jeff Skillings, then CEO of Enron, who scolded her for not researching properly. Richard Grubman, an analyst, also stated that Enron was the only financial institution that cant produce a balance sheet or cash flow statement with their earnings. Months later, Skillings resigned as CEO, shocking the nation, as it was out of the blue and although he claimed it as for personal reasons, it was noted that he sold nearly 450,000 shares prior to his exit. A later article by John Emshwiller and Rebecca Smith revealed that Andy Fastow, then Chief Financial Advisor, created limited partnerships controlled by Enron that hid the companys massive debt. This launched a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission investigation that later expanded into a formal investigation of Enron Corporation. Therefore, Bethany McLeans actions prove that questioning the ideas and actions of those of authority is essential in social progress.</p>
<p>As demonstrated by the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and Great Depression that followed, as the general American public suffered, so did their disapproval of then President Herbert Hoover. President Hoover supported laissez-faire economic policies, which meant that during the Great Depression, the government would not interfere. Hoover also believed that the economy would fix itself. Although he implemented the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, which gave out loans to businesses affected, the general public felt Hoover wasnt doing enough to directly help the poor and that he didnt fully understand the damage the crash had inflicted. Disapproval rates grew so high that the homeless built shacks all over the nation, calling them Hoovervilles, in mockery of President Hoover. The disapproval rate eventually led to Hoover losing the 1932 presidential election against Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Roosevelt was more favorable mainly due to the fact that he believed in a more hands-on approach to resolving the Great Depression, such as his implementation of the New Deal program. Hence, the general American publics reactions towards President Hoovers actions prove that challenging the ideas and decisions of those of authority is essential towards advancing society.</p>
<p>As shown by Steven Jobs, being fired from Apple, his own company, was the best thing that could have ever happened to him. The Apple board believed that Jobs at 23 was too young with too little experience to be CEO of Apple, so Jobs appointed John Scully. Jobs worked towards not just selling a product, but towards changing the world through his products. However, over time, Apple chairman Jobs project ventures brought in disappointing sales and complaints by workers called him a demanding perfectionist, both issues straining the business relationship between Jobs and Sculley. This led to the Apple board siding with Sculley in firing Jobs. Jobs went on to find NeXT Inc. and create the NeXT computer that ultimately was too expensive for consumers, but the software was invaluable, especially for Jobs return to Apple. If Jobs wasnt fired from Apple, there would have never been the Mac OS, which evolved from the NeXT computers operating system, and Jobs would have never bought Pixar and worked with Disney to create the worlds first feature-length CGI animated film, Toy Story. Thus, Apples actions prove that questioning the ideas and decisions of those of authority is crucial towards the development of society through new ideas.</p>
<p>After a careful analysis of the Enron Scandal, the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression, and Apple firing Steve Jobs, it is clear that questioning the ideas and decisions of those of authority is indeed critical in the foundation of social progress. Without challenging these ideas and actions, there would be no debate over differing opinions needed to develop new ideas to further society.</p>