<p>I think there are 3 things going on:</p>
<h1>1 - The Curve:</h1>
<p>Many college courses, particularly technical courses, tend to be graded on a curve, which basically means that your grade is determined not simply by how much you know, but rather by how much you know relative to how much everybody else in the class knows. In other words, there are only a limited number of A's given out, and if you want one, you have to beat out everybody else in the class who also wants it. It is extremely difficult to consistently beat other people out when you're at a top school like MIT where everybody is brilliant and everybody is working hard. If you know the material extremely well, but everybody else knows it better than you, then you will get the worst grade in the class. That's the utterly cold-blooded and ruthless nature of the curve. You are in direct and often-times savage competition against your fellow students. </p>
<p>Consider this quote about UCLA:</p>
<p>"My freshman year, I met this friend of mine who was crying because she got an 76% on her math midterm. I told her that she should be glad she passed, she told me, "the average grade was 93%, the curve fails me....my friend ended up getting a C- in her math class after studying her butt off. Lucky her!!!"</p>
<p><a href="http://www.moochworld.com/scribbles/ucla/16.html%5B/url%5D">http://www.moochworld.com/scribbles/ucla/16.html</a></p>
<p>Or how about Michael Crichton (yes, THAT Michael Crichton) reminiscing about his old days as a Harvard premed:</p>
<p>"In general, I found Harvard an exciting place, where people were genuinely focused on study and learning, and with no special emphasis on grades. But to take a premed course was to step into a different world -- nasty and competitive. The most critical course was organic chemistry, Chem 20, and it was widely known as a "screw your buddy" course. In lectures, if you didn't hear what the instructor had said and asked the person next to you, he'd give you the wrong information; thus you were better off leaning over to look at his notes, but in that case he was likely to cover his notes so you couldn't see. In the labs, if you asked the person at the next bench a question, he'd tell you the wrong answer in the hope that you would make a mistake or, even better, start a fire. We were marked down for starting fires. In my year, I had the dubious distinction of starting more lab fires than anyone else, including a spectacular ether fire that set the ceiling aflame and left large scorch marks, a stigmata of ineptitude hanging over my head for the rest of the year. I was uncomfortable with the hostile and paranoid attitude this course demanded for success. I thought that a humane profession like medicine ought to encourage other values in its candidates. But nobody was asking my opinion. I got through it as best I could. "</p>
<p><a href="http://www.harpercollins.ca/global_scripts/product_catalog/book_xml.asp?isbn=0060509058&tc=cx%5B/url%5D">http://www.harpercollins.ca/global_scripts/product_catalog/book_xml.asp?isbn=0060509058&tc=cx</a></p>
<h1>2 - The harshness of the grading policy.</h1>
<p>The fact is, there are plenty of majors (i.e. anything ending with the word "engineering") and plenty of schools (i.e. any school whose name ends in the words "Institute of Technology") that almost seem to enjoy handing out boatloads of bad grades to their students. Some of these places almost seem to 'want' to flunk as many of their students out as possible. It's almost as if they enjoy it. </p>
<p>Again, Moochworld:</p>
<p>"I have a friend who is a graduating senior, Electrical Engineer, I quote him saying, "A's? What is an A? I thought it went from F to C-." It's his last quarter here and yet at least once a week he won't come back from studying until four or five in the morning... and yet it's not midterm or finals season."</p>
<p><a href="http://www.moochworld.com/scribbles/ucla/16.html%5B/url%5D">http://www.moochworld.com/scribbles/ucla/16.html</a></p>
<h1>3 - The Random Grade Generator:</h1>
<p>Then there are some classes for which grading seems to have no rhyme or reason. You've probably seen a snippet of this in high school, for many of us know that we can hand in the exact same English paper to 2 different English teachers and get 2 entirely different grades. It gets worse in college. For example, there are classes in college where the guy who knows the subject extremely well and gets top grades on all papers still for some unknown reason ends up with a worse grade than the guy who knows nothing and whose work is mediocre. </p>
<p>Even more egregiously, I recall one class where the grading revolved only around 1 thing - a group project. The guy who worked hardest on the project ended up with a lower grade than another guy on the same group who barely did anything on the project. How the hell could that have happened? They were on the same group! But that's the nature of those classes that are random grade generators. People will end up with mysterious grades that will have no discernable basis in reality.</p>