<p>Programs run the gamut:</p>
<p>Some programs are run by specific colleges. For example, my daughter's college has its own programs in France and Ghana. These programs involve professors travelling with the students plus courses at a local university (usually specifically for those students). Larger schools and schools that have historically emphasized their language departments tend to have more of their own programs.</p>
<p>Often, the programs, although run by one college, have consoritium members. For example, the Hamilton College program in Spain is also affiliated (I assume meaning cost-sharing) with Williams and Swarthmore. Students from the affiliated colleges get priority, but there could be students from other schools as well.</p>
<p>A friend of my daughters is currently on a Georgia Tech program to New Zealand. That is a group of exclusively GA Tech students with GA Tech professors.</p>
<p>Other programs are independent programs that are affiliated with a particular school for administration (transcripts, etc.). A good example is the well-regarded ICCS program in Rome. Decades ago when my wife went on the program, it was affiliated with Stanford. Now, it is a "Duke" program and about a dozen other schools have special relationships -- meaning they send a lot of students. My daughter's program falls into this category. It's been affiliated with several different schools over 30 years and is currently under Boston University's umbrella for transcripts, offices, etc. It is also affiliated with a couple of MIT's Urban Planning faculty.</p>
<p>Finally, there are several organizations (including a couple of really good ones), that are totally independent and run programs all over the world. SIT and CIEE are examples.</p>
<p>Programs also vary considerable in terms of immersion. You might live as a group of American students in a special dorm at a local university. You might live in program supplied apartments. Or, you might do "homestays" where you live with a local family. You kind of have to evaluate each setup independently. For example, my daughter's program is mostly homestay in each country -- although the students travel together and converge each day in the host country for courses, field study, etc. I think that particular program needs the support of a travelling group. It is very stressful in terms of travel, culture shock, and immersion. They fly 36 hours from Buenos Aires to Beijing and immediately go to live with Chinese families, often with some serious language barriers. So, having two students live with each family and getting through it with the group is invaluable.</p>
<p>On the other hand, it would be much more manageable to do a totally independent program, enrolling as an individual exchange student in a foreign university if you are tallking Great Britain or Australia where there are few cultural impediments.</p>