<p>Not every student should apply Early Decision or
Early Action (non-binding, which Harvard, Yale, Stanford have in a
“restrictive” form, and other non-Ivies also have in a non-restrictive
form). And, ED or EA does not always improve one’s chances for
admission. And, not every student improves his or her individual
chances by applying early. Why? The answer is more complicated that
the reason stated above. The early pool at the highly selective
colleges is often more academically competitive than the regular pool,
full of highly prepared, organized, and serious applicants. The early
pool also typically contains athletic recruits and a large number of
legacy candidates, groups that typically have higher chances for
admission in general. Thus, the statistics for the early pool are
skewed. The advantage one gets by applying early is not as large as it
seems. There have been studies (see the Early Admission Game) showing
a significant advantage gained by applying early to the elite schools,
even after controlling for legacy or athletic recruiting. However, we
feel still that the early advantage is overstated, and probably has
declined since the mid- to late-1990s. </p>
<p>Individual students might do better applying regular admission if they
need more time to show good, consistent grades, take additional
standardized tests, and/or make sure they are applying to the right
college(s). So, strategically, it sometimes benefits the individual
student to wait. Other times, such as for a legacy applicant to U.
Penn, ED will provide a student his/her best chance. In this
particular case, Penn states they will only give the legacy factor a
boost if the candidate commits ED.</p>
<p>The regular pool at the Ivies and similar level colleges is not full
of ED/EA rejects, or a “lesser” pool, making it easier for less
qualified candidates to get in. The reality is that most students do
not get into college ED/EA, and the regular pool is larger, and just
as full of highly competitive, highly attractive applicants. So, both
pools at the elite colleges are tough, and one needs to be well into
these colleges’ ballparks for scores, grades, and courses to make them
“realistic reaches”, the best that one can do today. </p>
<p>Applying ED/EA should really be an individualized decision, based on
your own academic and personal profile, the colleges you are
interested in, and whether you are ready to commit ED, or apply EA to
a possibly first choice.</p>