Why do colleges record phone calls

Why do they ask you for your name before you ask a question on the phone? Can this hurt someone if they call/email multiple times?

The person answering the call isn’t the one reading your application, so it shouldn’t matter assuming you aren’t developing a reputation for asking annoying questions that are answered by reading the website. Otherwise, it’s just courtesy. They want to make the communication more personal by using a name (and I assume they share their name too). Some schools also track demonstrated interest, so a phone call could be considered an instance of that - but if you are calling often, you may want to do a self-check on whether all the calls are really necessary.

Some students/parents can be quite rude and insulting when calling. It may hurt an applicant if s/he is rude or demanding when calling.