Your 1220 SAT score is equivalent to a 1700 on the old three-part SAT: https://collegereadiness.collegeboard.org/pdf/higher-ed-brief-sat-concordance.pdf
If you look at the C9 Data Points on Yale’s Common Data Set, you’ll see that about 2% of admitted students to Yale had test scores similar to yours (Yale is still using the old three-part SAT scale based on 2400 overall points): https://oir.yale.edu/sites/default/files/cds2016-2017.pdf.
Selective colleges use test scores to gauge how well an applicant might handle the work load on their campus. The higher your test score, the less an Admissions Director will question “If I admit this kid, will they struggle on my campus?”
No college wants to admit a student and set them up for failure, so an Admissions Officer is going to look at your 1220 SAT test score and wonder why a top student at their high school has such a low SAT score. Perhaps you had a bad day when taking the SAT? Or, perhaps your high school has grade inflation, which is why you are ranked #2 in your class, despite scoring low on a national rubric? Or, perhaps the courses you took in high school were not that rigorous? Or, perhaps you have a disability and qualified for extra time for your high school tests, but did not receive extra time on your SAT? As you can see, your SAT score actually raises more questions than you might think.
Admissions Officers look for reasons to admit a student, so an AO is going to have to dig deeper in your application. Decisions often come down to more subjective factors, such as personal qualities, character and leadership as well as intellectual curiosity, creativity, and love of learning. Admissions Officers learn about those factors from your essays, guidance counselor’s Secondary School Report (SSR), teacher recommendations and alumni interview. To gain admissions to Yale with your SAT score, your teachers and GC must really write against your test score. IMHO, that’s really the only way an acceptance letter will come your way.
FWIW: I posted this several years ago and haven’t had the chance to update it with the class of 2020 and 2021, but you should look through those decision threads as well.
If you look through the College Confidential Harvard and Yale Class of 2019 Decision Threads and just focus on test scores, you’ll see that URM tests scores for admitted students are just about the same as non-URM test scores. So, there seems to be very little bump from being a URM based on test scores.
Harvard Class of 2019 SCEA Decision Thread http://talk.collegeconfidential.com/harvard-university/1714730-official-harvard-university-2019-scea-decisions-only-p1.html
Harvard Class of 2019 RD Decision Thread: http://talk.collegeconfidential.com/harvard-university/1752941-harvard-university-class-of-2019-rd-results-p1.html
Yale Class of 2019 SCEA Decision Thread
http://talk.collegeconfidential.com/yale-university/1713050-yale-class-of-2019-scea-decisions-p1.html
Yale Class of 2019 RD Decision Thread: http://talk.collegeconfidential.com/yale-university/1752938-yale-university-class-of-2019-rd-results.html
Granted, you really can’t make a judgment based on 32 data points on College Confidential, Unfortunately, there really isn’t much data on Latina students, however The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education every year posts an interesting chart about African American acceptance rates at various colleges vs. the overall acceptance rate: https://www.jbhe.com/2017/01/black-first-year-students-at-the-nations-leading-research-universities-2016/
As you can see – depending upon the college – being a URM can boost an applicant’s chances, but by how much depends on the school. For example, at Cornell, the African American acceptance rate was 17.6% vs the overall acceptance rate of 14.1% – so a slight advantage. At Vanderbilt, the African American acceptance rate was 18.9% vs a 10.7% overall acceptance rate – a large advantage. However, at the University of Chicago the African American acceptance rate was 8.3% vs the overall acceptance rate of 7.9% – not that much different. And, at UCLA, the African American acceptance rate was 8.7% vs the overall acceptance rate of 17.7% – not very encouraging at all. So a URM’s milage will vary depending on the school. Unfortunately, there isn’t published data for the African American acceptance rate at HYPMS. If I had to make a guess, I would think Yale’s African American acceptance rate would be similar to UChicago – so not much of an advantage for a AA or Latina student.
Best of luck to you!