Colgate is the most rural of all the colleges on the OP’s list. It’s really remote. And the friendly village of Hamilton (where Colgate is, not to be confused with Hamilton College which is Clinton) is small, with about 4,000 people and a few streets. My memory is Colgate provides some busing, but otherwise you are not near any major airports, along the train line, etc.
Hamilton is also very rural and located a tad outside it’s tiny town, but its far closer than Colgate to some larger cities.
Colgate and Hamilton are also the only schools on the OP’s list with the most active Greek life. Most of the rest, except Wesleyan, don’t have frats, and they are a tiny presence at Wes (small single-digit percentage of students).
Vassar and Wesleyan are both in decent sized working-class cities. Wesleyan’s city is basically a suburb of the much larger Hartford, Ct., and is reasonably close to New Haven as well. There is a main commercial street walking distance from the campus that has many restaurants and shops, though the vibe is certainly very different than say a Princeton, NJ. It’s also pretty even between NYC and Boston and along the train line.
Vassar is sometimes referred to as a “walled garden” because (besides the actual walls) of the stark contrast between it and the surrounding town (as you approach the school yo will see a fair share of run-down strip malls). It’s very convenient to NYC by car or train though. Still, that’s a bit of a snooty stereotype and plenty of Vassar students interact quite happily in the community.
I don’t know enough about Conn College or New London to comment.
Bowdoin is neither rural nor urban. It is in a moderate size town that is a tourist destination in the summer. It’s truly “in” the town and you walk across the street from the campus and can catch the Amtrak or start down “Maine Street” (I love that they add the “e”) with many restaurants and shops. The train can get you to Freeport in 15 minutes (small village but a large outlet mall complex there including the flagship LL Bean open 24/7), 45 minutes to Portland which is a full and great city with an international airport or eventually to Boston.
I can’t speak to Bates first-hand. But it’s similar to Bowdoin in region and being embedded in a mid-size town and similar distance to Portland by car (not sure if it has a train option?)
And of these schools meet you internship, job and social/political vibe criteria. Though if you want very liberal and political active, take a particular look at Wesleyan. Super liberal, super activist. Vassar is pretty close on that spectrum too.
In general you could pair a lot of the colleges on the OP’s list: Wesleyan and Vassar have a lot in common, Hamilton and Colgate, Bowdoin and Bates. This is true both geographically and culturally. Conn College is kind of the odd school out on this list.