<p>I would say everything above and then some.
Because it is never about choosing one style of parenting or another. The child comes with a temperment, there is the family dynamic, the social mileu, the neighborhood culture etc.</p>
<p>But I will add this:
At 50+ years I still carry the scars from being the first college generation child of an over absorbed/obsessed/invested mom who stood over my piano practice sessions and yelled at me when I got the notes wrong, and cried with disappointment when I showed little talent; who made fun of me when I danced at my 3 year old recital or did anything physical… indeed when I did anything I wasn’t perfect at (wonder why I am sedentary and physically shy now?) And when my talents showed expected nothing short of a Nobel Prize (seriously) and was disappointed when I went into math because of no Nobel Prize in math (seriously) and constantly inflated by very good scores even higher when bragging about them, and yelled at me for those A-. If you had asked HER how I was doing when I was 15 she would have said WONDERFULLY “she’s getting good grades, she’s happy, social, dating, will be applying to good schools.” She would have brushed off a suicidal attempt or two as a phase or even literally forgotten about it. Years of insecurity and crisis – and yes, also, and later, great achievement, and happiness, were still to come.</p>
<p>And perhaps I overcompensated with S1 and S2 and was too laid back. but I think you can be both proud of the B+/A- – or even, sometimes, the C – and STILL ask “So, why do you think you didn’t master the material well enough to get the A? Why did the teacher think you deserved a C and not an A? What could you do to get a higher grade?” and have a discussion about objectively what an A brings, the benefits, while still acknowledging the work that child might have done for a B+ (and if the B+ was done with no work, then not everything deserves praise… it might be a good topic starter for the reason teachers give tests, what grades are for, what the child wants out of life…)</p>
<p>But because of my striving and need for achievement, and the mom in my ear expecting me to win the Nobel Prize in motherhood, I still hear her saying, “you’re a failure” when my son was not competitive for the very school I went to (MIT) or the Ivies, or doesn’t seek PhD level studies in math (he is planning to teach HS). And the sane part of me says, what a wonderful mom you are to have raised a responsible mensch with a good and open heart, who got through college in 4 years, with 2 degrees in math and government, who has a plan for a masters and a job/career for the near future, who wants to stay near his family because he is close to you, who’s close to his friends and beloved by many… And yet… if I had made him practice his flute more than the bare minimum, and do every jury and recital, and study for the math magnet school test and blah blah blah…</p>
<p>You can make yourself like me on a bad day. But don’t! On most days, thank goodness I broke the cycle!</p>