PurpleTitan, 1. I am not sure I agree that alumni accomplishment have such a tangible impact on a university’s prestige or reputation, and if it does, it should be the collective accomplishments of the alumni body that impact a university’s reputation on an absolute scale, not on a relative scale. In other words, the greater the number of alumni accomplishing great deeds, the greater the reputation of the school among the masses. On an absolute scale, Michigan beats virtually all universities save a handful. On a relative scale, Michigan will match Northwestern and several other private elites. You are completely incorrect in your assertion that NU alumni, on average, accomplish more than Michigan alumni.
Using your four criteria for alumni accomplishments, Michigan matches NU PurpleTitan. If you think that NU produces a higher rate of exceptional alumni, you are sadly mistaken:
PERCENTAGE ENTERING ELITE GRADUATE SCHOOLS:
Not many elite schools publish such figures, but with the exception of NU and Chicago graduate schools (Michigan makes up much of the ground lost with its own elite graduate schools, which enroll an unusually high number of Michigan alums), Michigan holds its own nicely against NU.
For example, Michigan currently has 11 alumni enrolled at Yale Law school, compared to 10 NU alumni. I realize Michigan has 3 times as many undergraduate students, but only about twice as many prelaw students. There are roughly 60 NU alumni enrolled at Chicago and NU law schools combined (compared to 40 Michigan alums), but then you have roughly 150 Michigan alums enrolled at Michigan law school (compared to 20-30 from NU and Chicago). Michigan has enrolled roughly twice as many undergraduate alums into UVa Law school as NU undergraduate alumni.
http://www.yale.edu/printer/bulletin/pdffiles/law.pdf
http://www.law.umich.edu/prospectivestudents/admissions/Pages/faq-charts.aspx#studentbodydist (just close to pop up security window)
http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/prospectives/class17.htm
http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/prospectives/class16.htm
http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/prospectives/class15.htm
http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/prospectives/class14.htm
Not many medical schools publish the undergraduate origins of their students, but the two that do give Michigan a slight edge; Johns Hopkins Medical School currently has 11 Michigan alums compared to NU’s 5. Michigan Medical School, admittedly favors its own, currently has over 200 Michigan alums compared to fewer than 20 NU alums. Again, while Michigan has three times as many undergraduate students as NU, Michigan typically has twice as many premeds as NU.
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/som/students/academics/catalog/SOMCat1112.pdf
http://medicine.umich.edu/medschool/education/md-program/people-places/class-profiles
http://medicine.umich.edu/medschool/education/md-program/people-places/class-profiles/2013
http://medicine.umich.edu/medschool/education/md-program/people-places/class-profiles/2012
http://medicine.umich.edu/medschool/education/md-program/people-places/class-profiles/2011
Also, since 2000, 8 Michigan alumni have gone on to earn PhDs in Physics from Harvard. That’s as many as Chicago alumni, and more than Cornell alumni. Northwestern has produced none (zero). Do not let Michigan’s overall size advantage fool you. Chicago and Cornell have as many undergraduate Physics majors as Michigan.
https://www.physics.harvard.edu/academics/phds
Like I said, there aren’t many programs that actually list the undergraduate origins of their graduate students, but those that do seem to indicate that Michigan holds its own sufficiently for it not to be considered inferior to Northwestern.
PRODUCTION OF AMERICAN LEADERS (undergraduate alumni only):
Michigan does well here.
Presidents:
Michigan:
Gerald Ford
Northwestern:
None
Billionaires (still living)
Michigan (11):
Kenneth Dart
Stanley Druckenmiller
Henry Engelhardt
Brad Keywell
Eric Paul Lefkofsky
Hank Meijer
Tom Monaghan
Charlie Munger
Larry Page
Stephen Ross
Samuel Zell
Northwestern (5):
William Cook
Lester Crown
Barbara Carlson Gage
Peter Peterson
Patrick Ryan
Nobel Laureates/Fields Medalists:
Michigan (6)
Hugh Politzer, Physics
Robert Shiller, Economics
Stephen Smale, Fields Medal in Mathematics
Richard Smalley, Chemistry
Samuel Ting, Physics
Thomas Weller, Medicine
Northwestern
None
Michigan also has a clear advantage over Brown, Dartmouth, Penn and, shockingly, even Princeton and Stanford in this criterion.
Fortune 500 CEOs
Michigan (4)
Richard Lesser, Boston Consulting Group
Larry Page, Google
Thomas Wilson, Allstate
Greig Woodring, Reinsurance Group of America
Northwestern (1)
Ginny Rometty (IBM)
ACADEMIC AWARDS:
Michigan has produced 410 Fulbright Scholars since 1990. NU has produced an impressive 270 in that same period. Overall, Michigan has produced 75 Rhodes, Marshall, Truman, Goldwater and Churchill scholars, compared to NU’s 55. While in both cases, NU produced a higher rate, it is not significant.
PERCENTAGE GETTING PHD:
Again, I fail to see the relevance. But in the case of Michigan vs Northwestern, there is no advantage one way or the other. According to the National Science Foundation, in the 10 year period from 2002-2011, Michigan produced 2,200 PhDs in the Sciences and Engineering, compared to Northwestern’s 950 (roughly 5% for both schools). That is not bad mind you. Even schools like Brown, CMU, Cornell, Dartmouth, JHU and even Stanford have 6%-8% PhD production rates.
http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf13323/