<p>There are some fundamental posts I see that I believe need commenting on:</p>
<p>1)The list of Nobel prize winners and patents does tend to favor the US, and in fact it is in no small part due to American culture and in fact that itself is a sign of one of the strong points of American culture, the ability to innovate and take a leap beyond, and part of that comes from having people from all kinds of places and background contribute. I am not painting a rosey picture, that the US is and always has been this place that welcomes everyone, etc, there are dark sides there.</p>
<p>But if you look at the history of the Jews, for example, where they fled to the US because of conditions in the places they came from, where for the most part they couldn’t get educations easily, were often limited in what they did, you name it…and though the US doesn’t exactly have a perfect record when it came to the Jews (as others pointed out, there were quotas in colleges for Jews, Ivy league schools were reluctant to admit them, places like Bell Labs and IBM would not hire Jews until WWII, as examples), they were given half a chance, and the record is out there, they became researchers, scientists, engineers, and contributed to this country.</p>
<p>Likewise, kids come from Asia and all over the world, and have contributed. One of the founders of Google comes from Russia, and a number of silicon valley companies have been founded by immigrants or first generation people from all over the world, especially Asia. The reason this is possible is because the US is a nation of immigrants, and it has been a strength. And the reason is because however reluctantly at times, all the grief and such, the US doesn’t have the mono culture that many places have had, and now are struggling to adjust as immigrant populations come in and there are all kinds of problems of people cut off, etc.</p>
<p>In terms of Asian excellence, I will add there are many parts to this like. Like the Jews, Asian immigrants find more opportunity here and grab it, the sheer number of schools in this country, the universal education, are things that don’t exist in most of the countries they come from (unless it has changed, for example, in many places schools are not free, if they exist, and can be beyond what people can afford). Even in the inner city, that supposedly have bad schools, Asian immigrant kids come in and thrive, because it is still better then what they had at home…</p>
<p>2) But there is a fundamental question here, about why does the US have so many nobel prizes and patents? And that is, besides welcoming immigrants (no matter how reluctantly at times), it is a cultural thing, and it has primarily I believe to do with the US’s focus on the individual. The US is not a collective society, a group society, nor is it hierarchical at its base, it is a place that cherishes the individual and also creates the concept of the maverick, the person willing to do what others tell is impossible, take risks, whatever. The history of the US is full of those kind of people. The founders might have been hundreds of years ago, but they created something that has lasted and also adjusted to the times, and unlike most countries, the US was founded on a philosophy that the individual is the key member of society, not that society is always above the individual (obviously, it is a mix, society is a group made up of individuals).</p>
<p>The reason this is important is because when you have collectivist societies, they tend to be conservative, they tend to be reluctant to change or because it is disruptive, look at change as a bad force. Change is scary, it does create disruptions, and to societies based on order and continuous flow, that is a threat. Likewise, radical ideas, trying new things, often upsets the applecart that is the power base, and in hierarchical societies it is toxic.</p>
<p>25 years ago, when everyone said Japan was going to take over the world, that the Japanese had the “IT” model, there were articles written both in Japan and here about how the Japanese were looking to change their school system, that it put great weight on standardized test scores and grades, but in that pursuit it was they believed taking away the power of other skills, like creating and innovating (EE Times was one of the places I recall reading this). One of the things that the Japanese realized (and I believe they are still looking to change their system) is that they produced students with the capability to build things well, to learn, but that innovation was not where they were strong, that they took what others did and incrementally improved it…</p>
<p>Likewise, many of the so called “Sea Turtles” who are going back to China after going to the US for education, are finding it tough sledding, that after being used to the academic freedom and the relative freedom to explore what they wished, they ran into the bureacracy and hierarchy back home, the mentality that what exists is good, what doesn’t exist is scary, censorship, controlled information, etc…</p>
<p>3)You have to be careful when you talk about high tech engineering being done in places like India and China, that is a misnomer. Look on an Apple Ipod or Iphone, look on other things built overseas, and what do you see? “Design and engineered in the US/California, and built in China/India” (btw, many of these are designed by design teams with people who come from all over the world). You have to be careful about that, because one of the things that at the present time is not being done overseas for the most party is innovation and new products, you aren’t seeing the Googles and the Apples and the like coming out of India and China, even though people in those countries could be working on it, and it is because of the environment here I believe. Yes, things are being created there, and it has more to do with the environment then with the people, has nothing to do with intelligence or anything else. If you look at what is being created there, patents coming out, it is still the Japanese model, which are incremental changes on what others are developing. Part of this too with developing economies, they are looking to industrialize and build local business, but money is not being spent on pure R and D, rather it is on exploiting what is out there.</p>
<p>And it is evident in the model, with China and India there primary growth has in reality been shifting work that has been happening elsewhere and moved there, due to a large part to economics of labor and other costs. If India and China were building new companies building new products, developing their own base, you wouldn’t see what you do now, where most of the work is contract outsourcing to companies located elsewhere, you wouldn’t see the flood of Indian IT and engineering workers into the US on H1 visas, because if jobs were being created at home, they would get a job there, but there simply aren’t enough jobs for the kids graduating, and those that get jobs tend to be with outsource firms like Infosys or with companies who put IT centers in the country, moving jobs from elsewhere…And before someone accuses me of claiming that Indians or Chinese folks are incapable, that is hogwash, as can be seen by what happens with Indians or Chinese people immigrate…what I am saying is that the cultures in the countries they left are not condusive to innovation or creativity in the way the US culture is, that’s all. Want proof? There is an article in today’s paper that China is censoring any attempt to search for nobel peace prize winners, because a dissident won the peace prize this year…that kind of paranoia and hierarchy doesn’t lend itself to innovative thinking. </p>
<p>I think the cultural issue is best summed up by something I read years ago in an interview with Akio Morita, the head of Sony. Around 1970 Sony was making TV sets in the US, in San Diego, and he was asked if he was afraid the quality would lag. He laughed, and told the reporter he had to stop reading his own newspaper, because he was getting bad ideas about how things worked. He said first of all, the product had the Sony name on it, and it was his and those running the company to keep the quality, and that blaming the quality of the product on the workers was ridiculous, that bad quality was bad management (which is in fact the truth, all the bashing of workers is generally a cop out for bad management). He also made another interesting point, he said that US based workers were better in some ways then Japanese ones; his point was that if a US worker saw something wrong, for example in a TV set component that was difficult to assemble or the like, given the chance they would be quite willing to tell an engineer it wouldn’t work. In Japan, a line worker would see the engineer as above them, better educated, and it is hard to criticize like that in that society (those were his almost verbatim words).Unfortunately, a lot of US manufacturing told their workers to shut up, but that is another issue…</p>
<p>4)I also would be careful to jumping to conclusions about the numbers of Asians in IT and Technology. American students aren’t stupid (including Asian kids), they go where they believe the future lies. In technology, thanks to the Internet and also to programs like the H1 visa and outsourcing, companies are often taking the low cost route in terms of employment, and when you have engineers and IT people either on an outsource basis or as H1 visas making significantly less then someone would typically make, word is it doesn’t pay to go into those jobs. Despite what Steve Ballmer and others claim, there aren’t tons of IT jobs that need filling, it is tons of IT jobs that they want to pay cut rate prices for (and if something thinks this is hooey, do a google search on a harvard business schools study about wages in IT and tech and H1 visas and such). And if you don’t believe it, talk to any H1 visa holder about their plans, and they will tell you that their golden ticket is to get a green card and be able to actually negotiate a fair salary and be able to move to better jobs…the point is, US kids, including Asians I might add, are getting the word it is better to be the person outsourcing jobs, then having your job outsourced…</p>
<p>Will this hold in the future? Not sure, depends on a lot of factors. The US government is still supporting the outsource model, and with H1 visas they all but made that open season, so I suspect it will (H1 visas used to be for people with unique skill sets, like for example someone with a PHd in solid state physics working for Intel or something; the government during the past 10 years changed the law, and basically as long as someone has the qualifications for the job, they are eligible, so ordinary skills like programming, engineering and so forth are fine. They also got rid of the law that said during a recession no new H1’s would be issued with few exceptions). I do know that kids of Asian descent are following the path of other US kids, and moving away from tech, where they feel there is no future, to business tracks and the like. </p>
<p>5)One comment on test scores and the like. The US has been behind on those scores since I was a kid, the same claims were being make 40 years ago, and you have to be careful about that, and here is why. While I am no fan of our education system, for a number of reasons, I also think you have to take that with a grain of salt. A lot of countries base their whole curricula around that test, and as a result their kids do really well on them, are up in the top.</p>
<p>Yet if you look, a country like Singapore is on there, which is not known for particularly blowing the world out in science and technology, and I believe the Phillpines at one point scored highly up there. The problem is those scores might indicate a country that thinks the scores mean more to national prestige then actually creating anything, you have to be careful.</p>
<p>I am not covering for our education system, I think in many ways it needs reform, and not just inner city schools, I think our school priorities are way off, and that the way we teach needs looking at. For example, most school programs are centered around the middle, they teach to the ‘average’ student, rather then teach to the top and adjust for the kids under that level, and so forth. I just don’t think those tests are particularly enlightening.</p>
<p>I think there is more relevance to the fact that a lot of people know nothing about basic science, about how science operates, what a theory is, and can thus believe claims that creationism is science and evolution is ‘a guess’, or that science is wrong and the earth is 6000 years old…or how math works, for frankly, even being able to read a basic graph of let’s say the federal budget and understand the underlying numbers. I don’t worry about the top, Asian, European background, whatever, I worry more above the average…</p>
<p>6)I think you also have to be careful about perceptions of a population. Despite the claims of many, the US is still the most productive workforce in the world and by any measure the most innovative and creative as well. Manufacturing hasn’t shifted to China and India and Thailand because the people are more efficient, manufacturing has shifted there because they have huge populations seeking work and companies can set their own labor rates, and even with current changes in salaries in China, the average manufacturing wage is still roughly 3 dollars a day.</p>
<p>BTW, my hope for the US rests on the culture and for its people, and yes, the Asian kids are going to be part of that, and it should be welcome. On the other hand, I don’t appreciate the other side, the attitude among some Asians and native born US people that somehow this incredible achievement in academics means that others are worth less or somehow won’t do anything worthwhile, that US kids are “lazy” or “don’t follow the perfect model” and that is ridiculous. While I applaud academic achievements and what kids end up doing, it is a one dimensional model, because in the end what matters is what comes out. There are plenty of kids out there who weren’t 4.0 students, who didn’t go to an Ivy league school and become a doctor, for example, who have created many things, and become quite successful. People who aren’t great at studying or classroom work have created business empires; others who didn’t graduate magna cum laude did things like break the human genome, with a small team of others, on a relatively shoestring budget, before the huge team of researchers with the human genome project, full of top level academic achieving types…and I do agree with others, playing the academic game, rushing ahead and pushing the kids to do Calculus in 8th grade may not be a recipe for success, nor will having the 4.0 or the Ivy degree mean the person will actually do much with their lives…</p>