<p>Tiebreaker: the first and second tiebreakers still resulted in a tie so the third tiebreaker was used. In the third tiebreaker, the lowest three scores for each gymnast are averaged, and whoever has the highest average is declared the winner. So (and I'm sorry I can't remember the exact countries the judges were from or how they overlapped for the two girls, so this is just an example) Liukin's tiebreaker score was based on the scores she received from Judges A, B, and D and He's tiebreaker score was based on the scores she received from Judges B, C and E. Or whatever.</p>
<p>Age matters. If you consider that it takes X number of hours to reach an Olympic level of proficiency in gymnastics, in order to reach that level of proficiency in fewer years (to be able to compete at a younger age), you need to spend more time per day/week/month in the gym. More time in the gym at younger ages can lead to more injuries and permanent damage to bones, joints, etc. (of course gymnastics in general can lead to this, but the younger the gymnast, the worse it can be). And since they're spending more time in the gym, they have less time for other things, like school, family, playing (we're talking about young children, remember) or whatever.</p>
<p>Also, a pre-pubescent body lends itself to gymnastics particularly well. Strength to weight ration will peak, the center of gravity is higher (above the butt, where it is for most post-pubescent women). You'll notice that the older gymnasts that continue to compete often have a very slim-hipped, broad-shouldered body type and they are generally short (like that 33 year old!), also an advantage.</p>
<p>But even though younger gymnasts "can" compete with older ones, should they? FIG has decided not - that the disadvantages outweigh the benefits. I think it will be very sad if it turns out that the Chinese government has exploited these girls for propaganda purposes, and also ironic, since one of the reasons the age limit was established was to prevent young girls from being exploited. And there's no denying that they're fantastically talented athletes.</p>
<p>That being said, if it turns out to be true, I don't think they should be allowed to keep their medals. Otherwise, what would be the basis for taking back medals from any athlete who's later found to have competed illegally?</p>