Hello everybody! I have my college essay written, but I want somebody to check it.
“Exploring the Ocean”
The oceans cover about seventy-one percent of the world. Of that seventy-one percent, we have explored less than five percent. Oceanic exploration has been happening for hundreds of years. The ocean is a major part of people’s everyday life. Ocean exploration is beneficial to everyone because it creates an innovation in technology, and preserves ecology.
In 1797, Karl Klingert invented a diving that had an airtight metal helmet and breathing tube connected to it. Move ahead three years, and the French build a human-powered submarine. In It took another eighty-eight years for the French to build an electric submarine in 1888, which made about 2,000 dives before being turned into scrap metal. (National Geographic 2016.) There have been many inventions to help, and advance, underwater exploration.
In 1912 the Titanic hit an iceberg and sank to the bottom of the North Atlantic Ocean. Seventy-three years later, in 1985, the Titanic was rediscovered by a team of French and American researchers the New York Time says. The cruise ship was found more than 12,000 feet under the surface. More than 1,500 people died in the tragic sinking of the Titanic. BBC.co.uk said explorations to the Titanic have still continued, even though survivors of the crash think they should leave the site untouched.
“Underwater exploration was once limited to the span of time a diver could hold his or her breath. For centuries people dreamed of extending that time.” (National Geographic 2016). Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan invented the Aqua-Lung in 1943. The Aqua-Lung is a device that features a demand valve to regulate air, according to divers needs nationalgeographic.com states. They found a way to extend the time divers can stay underwater.
Nereus, a robotic submarine, dove 6.8 miles in the Marianas Trench, which is a part of the Pacific Ocean. It is currently the deepest-diving vehicle, according to bbc.co.uk. Nereus is controlled by a remote that is attached to the vehicle. The remote is controlled by men above the ocean in a ship. Currently, the deepest-rated vehicles are able to descend a little over four miles, which allows scientists to access ninety-five percent of the ocean floor. Nereus is striving to change that to one hundred percent, bbc.co.uk says.
In 1960 two men, Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh made a 6.7 mile dive in a submarine called Trieste to the Challenger Deep, which is the Mariana Trench’s deepest depths. It was a nine hour mission, to spend twenty minutes measuring their depth, bbc.co.uk states. Piccard passed away in 2008, but was awarded the Hubbard Medal - National Geographic’s highest award- in 2014 nationalgeographic.com says.
However, in 2012, James Cameron was the first human to reach the 6.8 mile descent into the Mariana Trench’s Challenger Deep, according to deepseachallenge.com. It took about seventy minutes to submerge to the bottom of the trench, when is used to take over two and a half hours. The submarine Cameron traveled in was two and a half stories tall, that he designed himself. Camera’s were on the submarine throughout the whole expedition, capturing his experience. Cameron happens to be a filmmaker, and has made a documentary about his experience called James Cameron’s Deepsea Challenge 3D. Cameron intends on continuing dives to the deep ocean.
“President Obama plans to create the largest marine reserve in the world. The Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument will now be nearly 490,000 square miles, which is three times the size of California, and six times larger than it’s previous size.” (Howard, 2014). The Washington Post claims Obama has protected 297 million acres of (federal) lands and waters, which exceeds George W. Bush’s 211 million acres. More land has been protected than ocean David Helvarg tells nationalgeographic.com. Twenty-five parties must sign the treaty before they start. A total of eleven have already rejected it.
Due to exploring the deeper parts of the ocean, more and more specie have been found. “Biologists have discovered a new species of fish in one of the world’s deepest ocean trenches, previously thought to be entirely devoid of fish.” (Gill, 2010). Dr. Alan Jamieson found a new species over 3.7 miles deep into the Mariana’s Trench. He mentioned they would have to bring the eel up for further tests to see if it was a new species. Throughout a three week expedition, a underwater camera took over 6,000 images. The pictures captured the eels, snailfish, ocean scavengers, along with the dead animals that sank to the of the ocean for the scavengers to eat.
According to discovery.com between 700,000 and one million species live in the oceans. One to two-thirds of those species have not even been discovered, or named. The list includes 200,000 animal species, 7,600 plant species, and over 1,000 fungi; that leaves anywhere between 482,000 to 741,000 unknown species. There used to be estimates of 300,000 ten million or more species, prior to further ocean exploration. We are describing 2,000 new marine species every year Ward Appeltans, a marine biologist, tells discovery.com. A census was taken by more than 2,700 scientists from around the world. It took over a decade for them to identify a new 1,200 species in the ocean. (National Geographic, 2016).
“Throughout the history of human intervention beneath the sea, divers have struggled with making the best use of a human’s most important tool: the hand.” (Lombardi, 2015). Diving suits have tremendously helped with deep water exploration. Michael Lombardi explains atmospheric diving suits have provided a barrier of protection from the pressure, but their hands are crab-like making everyday tasks harder than normal. Bhargav Gajjar has started working on a robotic hand, that functions with three fingers, to help make these tasks easier. The hand has been tested and has been able to hold round objects.
In conclusion, technology has come a long way, especially when it comes to ocean exploration, and it will only continue to advance. Preservation of the ocean is key to keeping our planet stable. “Despite the fact that the ocean plays a role in everything from the air we breathe to daily weather and climate patterns, we know very little about our ocean.” (NOAA 2014). Ocean exploration is beneficial to everyone because it creates an innovation in technology, and preserves ecology.
Sources and assistants:
[Oceans | College Essays | National Geographic](http://www.nationalgeographic.com/)
[Chegg[/url] - many thanks for Madina J.
[url=<a href=“https://ultius.pro/%5DUltius”>https://ultius.pro/]Ultius pro](https://www.chegg.com/tutors/Essay-Writing-online-tutoring/) - thanks Mary Weiler for advices